What is defined as the number of people who are able to work but do not have a job at a given time?

The concept in question refers specifically to individuals who are actively seeking employment but are currently without a job. This definition aligns perfectly with the term "unemployment," which describes the state of being without work while being willing and able to work.

This measurement is crucial within economics because it not only reflects the economic health of a region but also informs policymakers about the need for potential interventions or support programs.

In contrast, the term "employment" describes the opposite condition, where individuals have jobs. The "job market" refers to the overall availability of jobs and the dynamics between employers and job seekers, which does not specifically define the individuals without jobs. The "labor force" includes both the employed and unemployed individuals who are actively engaged in the job market and willing to work, thus encompassing a broader group than just those without jobs.

Understanding these distinctions helps clarify why "unemployment" is the most accurate term to describe the situation of individuals who are able to work but currently do not have employment.